{"id":729,"date":"2020-02-17T22:21:55","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T22:21:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/?p=729"},"modified":"2020-05-17T12:11:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T12:11:10","slug":"gulcemal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/17\/gulcemal\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00dcLCEMAL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk\ndenizcilik tarihinin yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemlerinde, efsanele\u015fmi\u015f iki gemisi vard\u0131r.\nBunlardan birisi sava\u015f gemisi olan son dretnot Yavuz Sultan Selim k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla\nYAVUZ \u00f6tekide y\u0131llarca halk\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde taht kuran \u00fcnl\u00fc yolcu gemisi\nG\u00fclcemal\u2019dir.1920 li ve 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ya\u015fan babalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, dedelerimizden\ny\u0131llarca dinledi\u011fimiz manilere, t\u00fcrk\u00fclere kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikle de Karadeniz de\nya\u015fayan halk\u0131n dilinde masalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f her \u015feyi ile efsane olmu\u015f bir G\u00fclcemal \nBir Karadeniz manisinde s\u00f6yle diyor;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal dedukleri
\nDenizi elekleyi
\nBacalari dumanli
\nK\u0131y\u0131lari bekleyi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal G\u00fclcemal
\nSavruluyi duman\u0131ni
\nAld\u0131n gittin yar\u0131mi
\nYoktur senin iman\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal Vapuru bir\u00e7ok\nedebiyat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131za esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi bir\u00e7ok yazar\u0131m\u0131z eserlerinde\nG\u00fclcemal\u2019den bahsetmi\u015ftir.  \u0130lk akl\u0131ma gelen birka\u00e7 tanesini; Bedri Rahmi\nEy\u00fcbo\u011flu \u0130stanbul Destan\u0131 adl\u0131 \u015fiirinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde G\u00fclcemal i a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi\nanlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul deyince akl\u0131ma mart\u0131\ngelir.
\nYar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, yar\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fck
\nYar\u0131s\u0131 bal\u0131k, yar\u0131s\u0131 ku\u015f.
\n\u0130stanbul deyince akl\u0131ma bir masal gelir,
\nbir varm\u0131\u015f, bir yokmu\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul deyince akl\u0131ma G\u00fclcemal\ngelir,
\nAnadolu’da, toprak daml\u0131 bir evde,
\nG\u00fclcemal \u00fcst\u00fcne t\u00fcrk\u00fcler s\u00f6ylenir.
\nS\u00fct akar c\u00fcmle musluklar\u0131ndan,
\ndireklerinde g\u00fcller tomurcuklan\u0131r.
\nAnadolu’da, toprak daml\u0131 bir evde \u00e7ocuklu\u011fum,
\nG\u00fclcemel’le gider \u0130stanbul’a,
\nG\u00fclcemal’le gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orhan Veli’nin “Sakal”\nadl\u0131 \u015fiirinde G\u00fclcemal;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangimiz bilir, benim kadar,
\nKarpuzdan fener yapmas\u0131n\u0131;
\nSedefli han\u00e7erle, \u00fcst\u00fcne,
\nG\u00fclcemal resmi \u00e7izmesini;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sunay Ak\u0131n, Cemal S\u00fcreyya i\u00e7in\nyazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirde de G\u00fclcemal vard\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buz da\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131n m\u0131 bilmiyorum
\nama titanik
\ngibi oldu bat\u0131\u015f\u0131n
\nbir sen vard\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc
\n\u015fiirin d\u00f6rt bacal\u0131 \u015fiiri
\ndalgalar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya vurdu\u011fu
\ne\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 toplama tela\u015f\u0131nda
\nimgenin derin sular\u0131nda
\nnefesleri yetmeyen lodos\u00e7ular
\nbir gemi gibi batmak
\nyak\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131 sonuna
\nfilikaya bini\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131na benzeyen ya\u015fant\u0131n\u0131n
\n\u00f6nce \u00e7ocuklar
\nve kad\u0131nlar
\nG\u00fclcemal vapurunu hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedim ama
\ntan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m cemal g\u00fcl idi…
\nBir t\u00fcrk\u00fcde G\u00fclcemal;
\n“Ey G\u00fclcemal G\u00fclcemal
\nD\u00f6rt tane dire\u011fin var
\nAld\u0131n gittin yarimi
\nNe hain y\u00fcre\u011fin var”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\nVapuru ile ac\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131 olanlar da vard\u0131r. 1924 Y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan\naras\u0131nda imzalanan M\u00fcbadele S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi gere\u011fince Yunanistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye\ngelecek m\u00fcbadilleri Selanik Liman\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir Limanlar\u0131na\nta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcbadele Yunanistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen ;  Fatma Teyze ile\nyap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajda \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu bu h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc yolculu\u011funu: At arabalar\u0131yla\nSelanik’e gittik. Gemiye bindik. Sadece Krif\u00e7eliler de\u011fil, ba\u015fka k\u00f6ylerin halk\u0131\nda bindi gemiye. Kat kat bir gemiydi, biz en \u00fcstte geldik. Gemide \u00e7an \u00e7ald\u0131lar\nbir ara. Me\u011fer \u00f6l\u00fc varm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6l\u00fc olunca \u00e7an \u00e7alarlarm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6l\u00fcy\u00fc ben de g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.\n\u00c7ar\u015fafa sar\u0131p, yallah denize att\u0131lar. Babama Rumca “yaz\u0131k” dedim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babam da,\n‘gemide \u00f6len varsa \u00e7an \u00e7al\u0131p haber verirler. Haber vermezlerse f\u0131rt\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar gemi\nbatarm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fc hemen vermek l\u00e2z\u0131mm\u0131\u015f’ dedi. Bilmem \u015faka bilmem do\u011fruydu\nbabam\u0131n s\u00f6yledikleri”;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bursa\nBa\u015fk\u00f6y\u2019de ya\u015fayan \u0130brahim Amca\u2019n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle diyor r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda : 1924’\u00fcn Mart\nay\u0131nda yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. Cevat Day\u0131m\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fc S\u00fcbulu’dan Yansata ad\u0131ndaki Rum bizi\nSelanik’e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. K\u00f6yden beygirlerle yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k, Pa\u015fak\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc ge\u00e7tik. \u00d6nce\nKozana’n\u0131n Yankov K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde konaklad\u0131k. Akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131, onlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda\nkald\u0131k. Bu arada Yansata Kozana’dan otob\u00fcs kiralad\u0131. \u0130ki \u00fc\u00e7 hane bindik\notob\u00fcse. Selanik’e var\u0131nca Yansata hepimizle hel\u00e2lle\u015fti ve a\u011flayarak geri\nd\u00f6nd\u00fc. Selanik’te bir barakaya ald\u0131lar bizi, a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. \u0130kindi vakti\nG\u00fclcemal Gemisi’ne bindik. Yemeklerimizi yan\u0131m\u0131za alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, rahat say\u0131labilecek\nbir yolculuktan sonra \u0130zmir’e yana\u015ft\u0131k. \u0130zmir’de iki g\u00fcn kald\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\nh\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc yolculuktan sonra Eski\u015fehir\u2019e yerle\u015fen Hasan Cankurtaran an\u0131lar\u0131nda:\nCumhuriyet ilan\u0131ndan sonra 1924 ‘ te Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fince T\u00fcrkiye’deki\nRumlar Yunanistan ‘ a, oradaki T\u00fcrkler de Anadoluya mubadele edildi\u011finden,\nb\u00fct\u00fcn hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e, tarla ve evlerimizi terkederek 24 Mart 1924 ‘\nte G\u00fclcemal Vapuru ile 400 ki\u015fi \u0130zmir ‘e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k diye bahseder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\nVapurunu \u00fcnl\u00fc edebiyat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z R\u0131fat Ilgaz s\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor; Bu vapurlar,\nKaradeniz\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Trabzon\u2019a kadar gider ve tekrar geri d\u00f6nerdi ve hemen\nhemen her limana u\u011frard\u0131.\n\u0130stanbul-Zonguldak-\u0130nebolu-Sinop-Samsun-\u00dcnye-Ordu-Giresun ve Trabzon\u2019a kadar\ngider her limanda yolcu indirir, y\u00fck indirir ve y\u00fck ve yolcu al\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra\ntekrar Trabzon\u2019dan ba\u015flar geriye d\u00f6nerek daha \u00f6nce u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 limanlara tekrar\nu\u011frard\u0131. \u00dcnye\u2019de bu y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma iki-\u00fc\u00e7 saat kadar s\u00fcrerdi. \u00dcnye\u2019den\nyolcu ve esnaf\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi, f\u0131nd\u0131k, kendir, fasulye, m\u0131s\u0131r, elma ve\nbenzeri \u015feyleri al\u0131rd\u0131. Bu vapurlardan en me\u015fhuru, benim yeti\u015femedi\u011fim fakat\nad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok duydu\u011fum G\u00fclcemal vapuru idi. Hatta \u00dcnye\u2019de bir deyim vard\u0131r, \u201cSak\u0131n\nG\u00fclcemal vapuru gibi her yere u\u011framadan git gel\u201d  derler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu gemi\nhalk aras\u0131nda o kadar sevilmi\u015fti ki sanki efsanele\u015fmi\u015f gibiydi \nKaradeniz\u2019de pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi, bu geminin baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyi edece\u011fine inanmaya\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rize\u2019ye gelip de a\u00e7\u0131kta demirledi\u011fi zaman baz\u0131 kimselerin\nhastalar\u0131n\u0131 tedavi etmek amac\u0131yla onlar\u0131 bir kay\u0131\u011fa bindirerek G\u00fclcemal\u2019in\n\u00e7evresinde yedi kez dola\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\nBelfast\u2019ta efsane gemi TITANIC \u2019in sahibi olan White Star firmas\u0131 ad\u0131na 15 Ekim\n1874 tarihinde GERMANIC ismiyle denize indirilmi\u015ftir. 30 May\u0131s 1975 tarihinde\nilk seferine \u00e7\u0131kan Avrupa ile Amerika aras\u0131nda sadece denizyolu ile gidip\ngelinen y\u0131llar\u0131n en l\u00fcks vas\u0131talar\u0131ndan biri olan G\u00fclcemal\u2019in boyu 142 metre\ngeni\u015fli\u011fi: 14 metre su alt\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 10 metre 5,071 gros ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\ngeminin makineleri 5,000 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcnde tripil  (\u00dc\u00e7 geni\u015flemeli) \ngeminin 8 adet \u00e7ift tabanl\u0131 kazanlar\u0131 vard\u0131 dakikada 52 devir yaparak d\u00f6nen 7\nmetre \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki dev pervanesi bir teknik harikas\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00fcnde 85 ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr\nyakarak saatte 15 deniz mili \u00fczerinde bir h\u0131za eri\u015febiliyordu. Bu e\u015fsiz gemi\nilk olarak1876 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat ay\u0131nda New York lima\u00acn\u0131ndan do\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131\nseferde, \u0130ngiltere’ye olan 2.894 millik me\u00acsafeyi saatte ortalama 15.790 millik\nbir h\u0131zla ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu da sa\u00acatte yakla\u015f\u0131k 29.243 km. ediyordu.\nAtlantik\u2019i en k\u0131sa zamanda keteden gemilere verilen \u201c Mavi  Kurdele \u201c\n\u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc birka\u00e7 kez almay\u0131 hak etmi\u015f ger\u00e7ek bir transatlantik, bir denizler\ng\u00fczeliydi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Chicago a\u00e7\u0131lan bir sergiye i\u015ftirak etmek i\u00e7in\ng\u00f6revli olarak g\u00f6nderilen Ubeydullah Efendi daha sonra yay\u0131nlanan hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda\ngemide \u00e7i\u00e7ek yeti\u015ftirilen bir bah\u00e7e oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmektedir. \u201c yemek\nmasalar\u0131n\u0131n donat\u0131lmas\u0131nda her g\u00fcn taze olarak bu bah\u00e7eden kopar\u0131lan bu renk\nrenk \u00e7i\u00e7ekler kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c  ayr\u0131ca ambarlar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de\ncanl\u0131 inek beslendi\u011fini inekler sefer esnas\u0131nda sa\u011f\u0131l\u0131p birinci mevki\nyolcular\u0131na kahvalt\u0131da taze s\u00fct ikram edildi\u011fi belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1902\nY\u0131l\u0131nda gemiyi merkezi Liverpool\u2019de olan Dominian Lines adl\u0131 vapurculuk\n\u015firketine sat\u0131ld\u0131. Geminin yeni ad\u0131 \u201c Ottowa \u201cYeni sahibi bu gemiyle yedi y\u0131l\ns\u00fcre ile Avrupal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menleri Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7men ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1910\ny\u0131l\u0131nda Nihad, Hamdi ve Abdurrahman Beylerden olu\u015fan sat\u0131n alma komisyonu\ntaraf\u0131ndan be\u011fenilip Osmanl\u0131 Seyr-i Sefain ad\u0131na 25,112 alt\u0131n liraya sat\u0131n\nal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman 37 ya\u015f\u0131nda idi  yeni al\u0131nan gemiye Padi\u015fah Sultan V.Mehmet\nRe\u015fat\u2019\u0131n annesi ad\u0131 olan G\u00fclcemal ad\u0131 verildi. Yolcular\u0131n \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi bu gemi\n\u00f6zellikle d\u00fczenli posta seferleri yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz halk\u0131n\u0131n\nsevgilisi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\n1914 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlak vermesinden bir s\u00fcre sonra asker ta\u015f\u0131mada\nkullan\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131, hatta bir ara hastane gemisi olarak ta hizmet verdi.. \nG\u00fclcemal savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 silahland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, ve Gelibolu cephesine birlikler\nta\u015f\u0131d\u0131, ve Gelibolu\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nerken 27 \u015eubat 1915 tarihinde\n\u0130ngilizlerin E-11 denizalt\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u0130mral\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda torpilleyerek\nprovas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hasar verdi Gemi o zaman,  yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 bin asker\nta\u015f\u0131yordu ve gemi karaya oturmadan \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131kan karga\u015fadan dolay\u0131 birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi\nhayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u0130ngiliz denizalt\u0131s\u0131 kumandan\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 in\u00e7lik silahlarla birlikte\ndonat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birlikleri ta\u015f\u0131yan G\u00fclcemal\u2019i torpilledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenince, hemen\nKraliyet donanmas\u0131ndan kan paras\u0131 \u201cblood Money\u201d istedi. \u0130ngilizlerin o zamanki\nuygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re Denizalt\u0131 subaylar\u0131na, i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015fman askeri olan silahl\u0131\ngemileri sald\u0131rarak bat\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131nda kelle ba\u015f\u0131na be\u015f pound \u00f6derlermi\u015f. Fakat\nkaraya oturan T\u00fcrk gemisinde sadece savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 silahl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, mahkeme\n\u0130ngiliz gemicilerin taleplerini reddetti. G\u00fclcemal, tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in\niki y\u0131l s\u00fcrece\u011fi bir onar\u0131m i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7ekildi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\nsonunda G\u00fclcemal 1918\u20131919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Yunanistan ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki esir\nkamlar\u0131nda tutulmakta olan Alman Askerlerini Wilhelmhaven ve Hamburg\nlimanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\n1920\u20131921 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Dedeo\u011flu adl\u0131 bir Rum \u0130\u015fletmeci taraf\u0131ndan kiralanarak\nK\u00f6stence \u2013 \u0130stanbul \u2013 Napoli ve Marsilya \u00fczerinden New York\u2019a d\u00f6rt sefer yapt\u0131.\nSava\u015flardan \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7eken T\u00fcrkiye, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda hem\n\u0130daresini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi hem de idaresi alt\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerden \u00e7ekildi.\nG\u00fclcemal, sava\u015ftan yenid\u00fcnyaya, ayn\u0131 gemide seyahat eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Yahudi,\nYunanl\u0131 ve di\u011fer milletlerden g\u00f6\u00e7menleri ta\u015f\u0131yan birka\u00e7 T\u00fcrk yolcu gemisinden\nen \u00f6nemlisiydi. G\u00fclcemal\u2019de tipik birinci s\u0131n\u0131f bileti yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 $, Okyanusu\nge\u00e7en \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ko\u011fu\u015f yolcular\u0131 i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 35 $ idi.\nAmerika\u2019da vatanda\u015f olmak gayesinde olan bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz\nTarih\u00e7isi yazar Eser Tutel Seyr-i Sefain \u00d6ncesi ve Sonra s\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda\nG\u00fclcemal\u2019in Amerika gezisini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r. O e\u015fsiz \u00fcslubuyla \n\u201cG\u00fclcemal\u2019in Amerika’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferler, T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yer ald\u0131.\n\u00c7\u0131kan yaz\u0131lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bu seferleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 olarak g\u00f6s-terenler\noldu\u011fu gibi, G\u00fclcemal\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok abart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren\u00acler de\nvard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte, 18 Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihli Vakit gazetesinde yer alan yaz\u0131:”G\u00fclcemal\nAmerika’da  “Nihayet G\u00fclcemal Amerika’ya geldi. G\u00fclcemal\u2019in buraya\ngeli\u015fi, gerek Amerikan muhitinde, gerek T\u00fcrk muhitinde \u00e7ok tatl\u0131 bir tesir\nyapt\u0131. Y\u0131l\u00aclardan beri vatan\u0131na hasret, gurbette d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n her g\u00fcnk\u00fc\ntahamm\u00fcl edilmez hareketleri alt\u0131nda biri birine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan, birbirine derin bir\nmuhab\u00acbetle ba\u011flanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, fakat \u00e7ok samimi T\u00fcrk muhitinde o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir\nzevk ve vecd uyand\u0131rd\u0131 ki, herkes ilk defa Atlantik’in \u00fczerinde dalga-lanan\nT\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131na mukaddes bir sayg\u0131 hissiyle ko\u015ftu, onu sevgili vata\u00acn\u0131n\u0131n bir\nm\u00fcjdecisi, manevi bir g\u00f6lgesi olarak selamlad\u0131. Amerikal\u0131lar da ak\u0131n ak\u0131n\nG\u00fclcemal\u2019i, T\u00fcrk kaptanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye ko\u015ftular. Bizi hala \u015fal\u00acvarl\u0131, yata\u011fanl\u0131,\ng\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve vah\u015fi olarak tan\u0131yan Amerikal\u0131lar bir T\u00fcrk kaptan\u0131n\u0131n Atlantik’i\nge\u00e7mesine inanamad\u0131lar. Sinemac\u0131lar, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar, gazeteciler vapura\nko\u015ftular. Bizim kaptanlar bir, iki g\u00fcn yaln\u0131z objektifler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sual\nya\u011fmuruna tutulup durmaya mecbur oldular. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Amerika umumi\nefrad\u0131nda lehimize bir cereyan yapabilmek i\u00e7in, burada on binlerce. dolar sarf\netse, bu kadar muvaffak olamazd\u0131. \u015eimdiye kadar Atlantik’te ilk defa dalgalanan\nT\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin medeniyet alemine girmesi gibi telakki edildi.”\nAma, \u00f6te yanda gazeteci Refik Halit Bey (Karay), G\u00fclcemal\u2019in Ameri\u00acka’ya\nyapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine abart\u0131larak anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131\u00acs\u0131nda\nsinirleniyor, tayyarelerin k\u0131talararas\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flara haz\u0131rland\u0131klar\u0131 o g\u00fcn\u00aclerde\ngemilerin Atlantik’in iki k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 epey zamandan beri kom\u015fu kap\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\nyaz\u0131yordu. Ona g\u00f6re, bu seferlerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ylesine abart\u00acmak, bizleri\ng\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. o g\u00fczelim G\u00fclcemal r\u0131ht\u0131ma bindirince… Ama bu\nseferlerin birinde, G\u00fclcemal bir talihsizlik sonucu New York liman\u0131nda\nyana\u015faca\u011f\u0131 r\u0131ht\u0131ma bindirerek hasara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Amerikal\u0131lar ge\u00acmiye tedbir\nkoydular. L\u00fctf\u00fc Kaptan, gemisini ki\u015fisel giri\u015fimleriyle haciz\u00acden kurtard\u0131 da,\nsalimen \u0130stanbul’a geri getirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. \u0130stanbul lima\u00acn\u0131na girerken,\n\u00e7evredeki gemilerin d\u00fcd\u00fckleriyle ve r\u0131ht\u0131mda toplananla\u00acr\u0131n i\u00e7ten gelen\nalk\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla onu kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecek \u015feydi. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1923\u2019\u00fcn\nAral\u0131\u011f\u0131, G\u00fclcemal Vapuru New York\u2019da bulunuyordu. Bununla Geminin hareket saati\ngeldi\u011finde, gemi s\u00fcvarisi H\u00fcseyin L\u00fctfi Bey\u2019in limandan ayr\u0131lma izni\nengellendi. Birka\u00e7 sene \u00f6nce New York\u2019da, \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nerken denize a\u00e7\u0131lmaya\nuygun hale getirme bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in malzeme al\u0131m\u0131 faturalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmemesi\nsebebinden, Campbell and Stuart firmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Firma\navukat\u0131,  gemi ve personelle ilgili tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan problem New York\nmahkemelerine intikal etti. H\u00fcseyin L\u00fctfi Bey Geminin yarg\u0131lama alan\u0131\nolamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onun bir devlet gemisi oldu\u011funu ve ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in iznin verilmesi\ngerekti\u011fini beyan etti. Fakat gemi b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131. \u0130ki devlet aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\nvard\u0131, fakat T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrecindeki ittifak\u0131n\u0131n Birle\u015fik\nDevlerin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, diplomatik ili\u015fki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 idi  O\ns\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca G\u00fclcemal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki dava ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Birle\u015fik Devletler\nh\u00fck\u00fcmeti, T\u00fcrkiye ile konsolosluk temsilcisi ve arabulucu y\u00fcksek komiser\n\u0130spanyol Ramirez de Villa arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fki kurdu. Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme, vapur\nkaptan\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli ve diplomatik dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu durumda hukuksal\nolup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermeliydi Sonraki 76 g\u00fcn boyunca T\u00fcrk gemisi, durumun\ntart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen denizcilik tevkifi alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131ndan, New York\n\u015fehri liman\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 engellendi. S\u00fcvarisi, mahkemede dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\nkorudu. Avukat\u0131, G\u00fclcemal\u2019in, Denizcilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k \u0130daresi\nalt\u0131nda, tamamen T\u00fcrk m\u00fclkiyetinde oldu\u011funu delil g\u00f6sterdi. Onlar(Avukatlar),\nG\u00fclcemal\u2019in personelinin T\u00fcrk Devleti taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fe al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fccretlerinin\nverildi\u011fi ve al\u0131 kondu\u011funda s\u00fcvarisinin idaresinde oldu\u011fu, Deniz Polisi\ntaraf\u0131ndan tutuldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediler. Tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam etti, kar\u015f\u0131 iddia olarak\nvapurun kesinlikle Osmanl\u0131 Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresinin m\u00fclkiyetinde oldu\u011fu, T\u00fcrk\nH\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Denizcilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sava\u015f\u0131n galibi taraf\u0131ndan el\nkonuldu\u011fu savunuldu. G\u00fclcemal\u2019de T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dalgaland\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem ulusal hem\nde ticari olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi.  Avukatlar, \u015firketin tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131\nkonusu olan S\u00fcvarinin ve personelinin T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k gemisi\nidaresinde oldu\u011fu bilgisini temin etmesine ra\u011fmen, askeri ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta\nkullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ticari ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in geminin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel uygulamad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\ndonanmas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm gemilerin de Denizcilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.\nUygulamada, askeriye veya donanmada fonksiyonlar\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk askeri\nsubaylar\u0131 Seyri Sefain de y\u00f6neticidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

J\u00fcri\nkarar\u0131 18 \u015eubat 1924\u2019de geldi. Birle\u015fik Devletler Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi h\u00e2kimi\nMcReynolds, T\u00fcrk Donanmas\u0131n\u0131n bir subay\u0131 olan s\u00fcvarinin,  donanma ile\nilgili veya askeri bir g\u00f6rev icra etmedi\u011fini, fakat \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolcu ve\nmalzeme ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 kiraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Milliyetini\nherhangi bir otoriteye kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi gerekmez. Mahkeme b\u00f6ylece G\u00fclcemal\u2019in,\ndiplomatik temsil hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131 ve gemi s\u00fcvarisinin evvelki \u00f6demelerini\nyapt\u0131ktan sonra New York\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\nAmerika\u2019ya sefer yapan ilk ticaret gemimiz olarak T\u00fcrk Sivil Denizcilik\ntarihine ge\u00e7ti. G\u00fclcemal Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz\nhatlar\u0131nda posta seferlerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk G\u00fclcemal Vapurunda<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck\nkurtar\u0131c\u0131 Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 defa bindi\u011fi bir seyahatinde G\u00fclcemal\nvapurunda \u00e7ektirdi\u011fi bir resim ise yukar\u0131da bu seyahat esnas\u0131nda G\u00fclcemal\nVapurunun \u015feref defterine kendi el yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile takdir ve te\u015fekk\u00fcr ifadelerinin\nyer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu yaz\u0131y\u0131 yaz\u0131yor \u201c M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Umumi Bey Efendiye, Gemi Kaptan\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn\nm\u00fcrettebat\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim \u201c  yaz\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri\nA.\u015e. Tarih ve Sanat Merkezi\u2019nde sergilenmektedir <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\n 
\nG\u00fclcemal Vapuru \u015eeref Defteri Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn kendi elyaz\u0131s\u0131 ile\nyazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri A.\u015e. Tarih ve Sanat Merkezi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\n1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda hizmet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Kaptan \u0130hya G\u00f6rg\u00fcn idaresinde Hali\u00e7\u2019e girdi\nve Camialt\u0131 Tersanesi \u00f6n\u00fcne demirledi ta ki 1950 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar orada kald\u0131.\nBunca y\u0131l ayakta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 bir sava\u015f gemisi kadar sa\u011flam olan teknesine\nbor\u00e7luydu \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n o karal\u0131k g\u00fcnlerini Hali\u00e7\u2019te ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak\nge\u00e7iren G\u00fclcemal 75 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken s\u00f6k\u00fclmek \u00fczere 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyan\u2019lara\nsat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\n 
\nG\u00fclcemal Vapuru Hali\u00e7’te Camialt\u0131 Tersanesinde ba\u011fl\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geriye ne\nkald\u0131 G\u00fclcemal vapurundan bol bol hat\u0131radan ba\u015fka T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik\n\u0130\u015fletmeleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn alt\u0131nda bulunan Tarih ve Sanat Merkezinde Tavan\nbord\u00fcrleri, Piyanosu b\u00fcy\u00fck kurtar\u0131c\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn oturdu\u011fu ve Tavla oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131\ntavla masas\u0131 ile sandalyesi kald\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn oturdu\u011fu G\u00fclcemal Vapurunda ki tavla masas\u0131 ve sandalyesi T\u00fcrkiye (Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri A.\u015e. Tarih ve Sanat Merkezi)<\/strong><\/em>                        <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
G\u00dcLCEMAL’\u0130N P\u0130YANOSU

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
G\u00fclcemal’in tavan b\u00f6rd\u00fcrleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


 

                              
 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk denizcilik tarihinin yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemlerinde, efsanele\u015fmi\u015f iki gemisi vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birisi sava\u015f gemisi olan son dretnot Yavuz Sultan Selim k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla YAVUZ \u00f6tekide y\u0131llarca halk\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde taht kuran \u00fcnl\u00fc yolcu gemisi G\u00fclcemal\u2019dir.1920 li ve 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ya\u015fan babalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, dedelerimizden y\u0131llarca dinledi\u011fimiz manilere, t\u00fcrk\u00fclere kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikle de Karadeniz de ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n dilinde masalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f her \u015feyi ile … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/729"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=729"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":816,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/729\/revisions\/816"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}