{"id":479,"date":"2020-02-14T21:36:23","date_gmt":"2020-02-14T21:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/?p=479"},"modified":"2020-05-17T12:14:53","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T12:14:53","slug":"yavuz-ve-midilli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/14\/yavuz-ve-midilli\/","title":{"rendered":"YAVUZ VE M\u0130D\u0130LL\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilim adamlar\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya\nSava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Avrupal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda 19.Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve\n20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015fiddetlenerek devam eden siyas\u00ee, asker\u00ee ve ekonomik\nrekabetin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu blokla\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ederler.\nAlmanya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Avusturya Macaristan ve \u0130talya\u2019dan olu\u015fan \u0130ttifak\nDevletleri grubuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya\u2019dan meydana gelen \u0130tilaf\nDevletleri yer alm\u0131\u015f ve bu gruplar aras\u0131ndaki gerilim g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e\n\u015fiddetlenmi\u015ftir. Avusturya veliahd\u0131 Ar\u015fid\u00fck Ferdinand\u2019\u0131n 28 Haziran 1914\ntarihinde Saraybosna\u2019da bir S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ise\nsava\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki nedeni oldu. Bu olay\u0131 bahane eden Avusturya Macaristan,\nS\u0131rbistan ile gerilimi art\u0131rd\u0131 ve bir s\u00fcre sonra da bu devlete sava\u015f ilan etti.\nS\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131 destekleyen Rusya\u2019da buna kar\u015f\u0131 31 Temmuz 1914 tarihinde genel\nseferberlik ilan ederek cevap verdi. Almanya, Rusya\u2019ya verdi\u011fi 12 saat s\u00fcreli\nseferberli\u011fi durdurma konusundaki \u00fcltimatoma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k alamay\u0131nca 1 A\u011fustos 1914\ntarihinde Rusya\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. Daha sonra \u0130ttifak ve \u0130tilaf gruplar\u0131,\nkar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerine sava\u015f ilan etmi\u015flerdir. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\nba\u015flamas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, \u0130ttifak Devletleri yan\u0131nda\nsava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131. Asl\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni \u0130ttifak Devletleri yan\u0131na iten\n\u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz tutumlar olmu\u015ftur.\nGenel sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile bir\nittifak kurman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 aram\u0131\u015f ama her seferinde bu istekleri ret\nedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin bu tutumu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda endi\u015felenen ve d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f\noldu\u011fu yaln\u0131zl\u0131k durumundan kurtulmak isteyen Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de 2 A\u011fustos 1914\ntarihinde Almanya ile gizli bir ittifak antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131\nDevleti, sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile beraber tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f ancak\nAlmanya\u2019n\u0131n artan bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve geli\u015fen olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\ns\u00fcrd\u00fcrememi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa fiilen kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan olay,\nGoeben ve Breslau ad\u0131ndaki iki Alman sava\u015f gemisinin \u0130ngiliz donanmas\u0131ndan\nka\u00e7arak \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019na gelmesi ile ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu iki gemi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin onay\u0131\nile \u00c7anakkale bo\u011faz\u0131ndan i\u00e7eri al\u0131nd\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re\nbunlar\u0131n silahtan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak bir limanda sava\u015f sonuna kadar tutulmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi.\nAncak Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu gemileri Almanya\u2019dan sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve\ngemilerin isimlerini Yavuz ve Midilli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirerek kendi donanmas\u0131na\nkatt\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre sonra da Alman Amirali Souchon Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na\ngetirildi. Asl\u0131nda bu gemiler Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bilgisi dahilin de gelmi\u015flerdi.\n\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Enver Pa\u015fa Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa mutlaka kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Muhtemel bir sava\u015fta da Rus donanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un\ng\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Bu iki modern sava\u015f gemisi ile\nKaradeniz\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn bir duruma geliyordu.\nB\u00f6ylece \u0130stanbul\u2019un g\u00fcvenli\u011fi de sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Enver Pa\u015fa, Amirali Souchon\ng\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 27 Ekim 1914 tarihli emirde Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Karadeniz\u2019de \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck\nkurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Karadeniz\u2019de Rus filosunu arayarak nerede bulunursa bulunsun h\u00fccum\nemrini verdi. 29 Ekim\u2019de Karadeniz\u2019deki Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ti Muavenet-i\nMilliye ve  Gayret-i Vataniye\ndestroyerleri Odessa\u2019ya   Hamidiye, Berk-i Sadvet ve Midilli\nDestroyerleri de de Novor\u0131ssisk\u2019e Yavuz, Samsun ve Ta\u015foz  Destroyerleri Sivastopol\u2019a h\u00fccum ettiler. Yap\u0131lan\nsald\u0131r\u0131larda Ruslar baz\u0131 kay\u0131p ve zararlara u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu bask\u0131n\nEnver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Karadeniz\u2019de \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flama stratejik hedefine\nula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi stratejik ve mali a\u00e7\u0131dan da Ruslar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tahribat\nyaratmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hareket s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir kazanc\u0131m\u0131z Yavuz Z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131 Sivastopol\nliman\u0131nda bulunan Koroleva Olga gemisini yede\u011fine alarak \u0130stanbul\u2019a\ngetirmesi olmu\u015ftur. Burada amac\u0131na ula\u015fan Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ine geri\nd\u00f6n\u00fclmez bir bicimde sokmak isteyen Almanya olmu\u015ftur. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere \u0130ngiltere\nKral\u0131 V.George, Alman \u0130mparatoru II Wilhem ve Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 II. Nikola \u0130ngiltere Krali\u00e7esi\nVictoria\u2019n\u0131n torunlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 kuzenin kavgas\u0131na b\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\n\u2019da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011funun en karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnlerini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Ordunun\nkomutas\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Almanlar Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun sanayi\nihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla Bak\u00fc Petrollerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in Do\u011fuda bir\nharek\u00e2t planlan\u0131r. Bu harek\u00e2t i\u00e7in Ordunun ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu malzemeler\nbelirlenir. Bu malzemeler K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k elbise, G\u0131da m\u00fchimmat, Silah, u\u00e7akt\u0131r. Bu\nmalzemeler Karadeniz limanlar\u0131na oradan da karayolu ile Erzurum\u2019a\ng\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere Bahr-\u0130 Ahmer \u2013 Bezm-\u0130 Alem Ve\nMithatpa\u015fa Vapurlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenir. Ayr\u0131ca bu gemilerde Bu b\u00f6lgede\ng\u00f6rev yapmak \u00fczere say\u0131lar\u0131 iki bin ile \u00fc\u00e7 bin aras\u0131nda askerler de\nbulunuyordu.   Bu \u00fc\u00e7 gemi 5 Kas\u0131m 1914 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019dan\nhareket eder. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan hareket eden bu \u00fc\u00e7 geminin\nak\u0131betlerini Mithatpa\u015fa gemisinin Gemi K\u00e2tibi Hasan Basri Efendi Yap\u0131\nKredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201c Bir Gemi K\u00e2tibinin Esaret Hat\u0131ralar\u0131 \u201c\nkitab\u0131ndan \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu; \u201c5 Kas\u0131m 1914 Per\u015fembe o\ngece bede\u2019z-zeval(\u00d6\u011fleden sonra 7.30\u2019da hareket emrini ald\u0131k\nBahr-\u0130 Ahmer \u2013 Bezm-\u0130 Alem ile beraber r\u0131ht\u0131mdan\nhareket olundu B\u00fcy\u00fckdere de gemimize gelen Liman\nReisi Nizamettin Bey yollar\u0131n gayet emin oldu\u011funu hatta araba yolu\ngibi gideceksiniz gibi tabirat ile bizi mutmain ediyor(\u0130\u00e7imizi rahatlat\u0131yor)\nOrada Beykoz \u00f6n\u00fcnde karanl\u0131k bir gemi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor ise de ne\noldu\u011funu anlayamad\u0131k. Bir aral\u0131k k\u0131lavuz gemisi i\u015faret verdi\u011finden\nbizde pe\u015finde olarak alaturka saat \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk var idi Bo\u011faz\u2019a\ngirdik o \u00f6l\u00fcm sa\u00e7an may\u0131nlan aras\u0131ndan Kemal-i deh\u015fetle ge\u00e7tik. Tabi\ngemide hi\u00e7bir fener ve ayd\u0131nl\u0131k yok her taraf kapal\u0131 ve\nborda ve silyon fenerleri kamilen s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f idi. Bununla\nberaber deniz gayet durgun ve mehtap gayet g\u00fczel. Adeta latif bir\ngece idi. B\u00f6ylece iki saat kadar kat-\u0131 mesafe ket ettik. Herkeste bir\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce var. Bu aral\u0131k sol taraftan bir fener parlad\u0131 bu i\u015faret bize pek \u00e7ok\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Herhalde bizim harp gemilerimizden birisi olmas\u0131na karar\nverdik. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u0131\u015far\u0131da bizim donanman\u0131n bulunmas\u0131\nhakk\u0131nda \u00fcmidimiz pek \u00e7ok idi. Zaten \u0130stanbul\u2019da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kapal\u0131\nzarf bize her halde Ere\u011fli \u00fcstlerinde donanmaya m\u00fclaki olmak (bulu\u015fmak) gibi\nb\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcmitler vermi\u015f idi. Ve her \u00fc\u00e7 geminin on mil \u00fczere kat-\u0131 mesafe etmesi\ntarz\u0131ndaki emirle yolun hesab\u0131 yap\u0131larak orada donanman\u0131n o saatte\nbulunaca\u011f\u0131 gibi fikirler vermi\u015f idi. Bizin gemi on be\u015f mil kat edecek bir\nhalde bulundu\u011fundan di\u011ferleri bize uyacak zanneder iken k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\nfenal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan be\u015f alt\u0131 mil ancak seyredebiliyoruz. Di\u011fer gemiler bizi beklemeye\nmecbur oluyorlar. Aman yarabbi ne b\u00fcy\u00fck hata b\u00f6ylece \u00fc\u00e7 gemiyi hi\u00e7bir muhaf\u0131z\nolmadan denize \u00e7\u0131karmak ve i\u00e7inde bu kadar e\u015fya ve Erzak-\u0131 Askeriye\nbulundurmak. Ya maazallah asker bulunsa idi, ne felakat binlerce\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile o geceyi selematle ge\u00e7irdik. 6 Kas\u0131m 1914 Cuma Sabah\nyataktan kakt\u0131m ilk i\u015fim etrafa bakmak oldu. Ere\u011fli \u00fcstlerine yak\u0131n bir\nmesafede idik \u00c7ay i\u00e7ip gemide bizden ba\u015fka kimse olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan eski\nelbiselerimi giydim. Hava da olduk\u00e7a sis var \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde giden\nBahr-\u0131 Ahmer ve Bezm-i Alem gemisi ara s\u0131ra sis\ni\u00e7erisinde kayboluyorlard\u0131. Bizde Ere\u011fli ile Zonguldak aras\u0131nda bulunuyorduk.\nSahilden be\u015f alt\u0131 par\u00e7a par\u00e7a teknenin duman\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc sis ve uzak bulunmas\u0131\ngemileri ferk ettirmiyor. Fakat sahilden gelmesi sebebi ile her halde\nbizim donanma olmas\u0131na h\u00fckmederek yolumuza devam ediyorduk. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan\nald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kapal\u0131 zarf a\u00e7\u0131larak do\u011fru \u00dcnye\u2019ye gidece\u011fimiz ve orada Onuncu\nKolordu komutan\u0131n emrine tabi olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131l\u0131 idi. Be\u015f alt\u0131 dakika sonra\ntop sesleri i\u015fittik sis nedeni ile ne oldu\u011funu anlayamad\u0131k. Nihayet bizim\ndonanma Rus donanmas\u0131 ile harp ediyor h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc verdik. Top sesleri\nart\u0131yordu. Biz ise yolumuza devam ediyordu. Zaten makinede ocak \u00e7ekilmi\u015f istim\naz oldu\u011fundan \u00fc\u00e7, d\u00f6rt mil kadar h\u0131z yapabiliyorduk. Bir aral\u0131k sis\nda\u011f\u0131ld\u0131 Bahr-i Ahmer vapuru geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f lakin makine kaportalar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde\n\u015fiddetli alev ve yang\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyordu ve Bezm-i Alem gemisi ise\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fiddetle bombard\u0131man ediliyordu. Biz gene anlamad\u0131k mutlak Rus\nDonanmas\u0131n\u0131n taarruzu \u00fczerine bizim donanma yeti\u015fip harbe tutu\u015ftular ve bizim\ndonanman\u0131n verdi\u011fi i\u015faret \u00fczerine bezm-i Alem ve Bahr-i Ahmer geri\nd\u00f6nd\u00fcler fikri olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Bizde gemiyi Ere\u011fli istikametine \u00e7evirdik\nlakin istimin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geminin\ny\u00fcr\u00fcmemesinden dolay\u0131da d\u00fcmen makinas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yordu.Bir aral\u0131k bir\ngeminin \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck S\u00fcvari, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kaptanlar ile\n\u00e7ark\u00e7\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunuyorduk. Tekmil m\u00fcrettebat ne oldu\u011funu\nanlamak i\u00e7in g\u00fcverteye toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gelen gemi bizim Muavenet-i Milli\nb\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor bizde onlardan biri olmas\u0131na karar verdik bak\u0131yoruz\ntamam yar\u0131m mil kadar kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman birden bire ba\u015f\ndire\u011fine Rus band\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti o anda ilk mermi \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fczde patlad\u0131.\nM\u00fcrettebat ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fcvarinin emri \u00fczerine beyaz b\u00fcy\u00fck\nbir masa \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015f dire\u011fe \u00e7ekildi is ede Ruslar ate\u015fe devam\nettiler.  Gemide karga\u015fa hakimdi herkes bir yerlere ko\u015fuyordu.\niki ki\u015fi beybaba ne duruyorsun denize atla diyorlard\u0131 ailemi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6z\n\u00f6n\u00fcne getirdim kendilerine kalben el vade ettim ne yapal\u0131m\ntakdir-i H\u00fcda b\u00f6yle imi\u015f diyerek son vazife-i diniyeyi icra\nederek kendimi deniz att\u0131m.  Ruslar son vah\u015fet olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcz metreden\natt\u0131klar\u0131 mermi yeterli de\u011filmi\u015f gibi son olarak gemiye bir torpil att\u0131lar. Tam\nbu s\u0131rada Rus gemisinden askerler denize savla atarak bizim gemicileri\nal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bizde oraya do\u011fru gittik bize de savla att\u0131lar tutamad\u0131k tutacak\nkuvvetimiz kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onlarda anlad\u0131lar \u00e7arm\u0131k indirdiler. Gemiye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k bizi\nsoydular arkam\u0131za birer Rus kaputu verip \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l \u00e7\u0131plak ba\u015f alt\u0131na\ng\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Rus askerleri sand\u0131klar\u0131ndan kendi eski pantolon, fanila gibi\ne\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p bizlere verdiler. 7 Kas\u0131m 1914 Cumartesi Ruslara nereye\ngidece\u011fimizi sorduk. Sivastopol oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131k.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Donanman\u0131n\nOdesse,Novorossik ve Sivastopol limanlar\u0131n\u0131 bombalamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Ruslar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131\nsald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n  bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ac\u0131 oldu 5\nKas\u0131m 1915 tarihinde Zonguldak liman\u0131n\u0131 bombalad\u0131lar tesislerini yok ettiler. 6\nKas\u0131m 1914 tarihinde Bahr-\u0130 Ahmer \u2013 Bezm-\u0130 Alem Ve\nMithatpa\u015fa  gemilerimizi bat\u0131rd\u0131lar. Daha\non g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Muavenet-i Milliye, Gayret-i Vataniye, Yavuz, Samsun, Ta\u015foz\nHamidiye,Berk-i Sadvet ve Midilli Destroyerleri Karadeniz de bulunan Rus\nlimanlar\u0131n\u0131 bombalayan donanma Karadeniz\u2019e g\u00f6reve g\u00f6nderdi\u011fimiz \u00fc\u00e7 gemiye\nrefakat ettirilmeyerek bu \u00fc\u00e7 gemi adeta Ruslara ikram edilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bahr-\u0130 Ahmer \u2013 Bezm-\u0130 Alem Ve\nMithatpa\u015fa gemilerinde bulunan m\u00fcrettebat ve askerlerin \u00e7ok az\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131ya y\u00fczerek\nkurtulurken b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ya bo\u011fuldular yada Ruslara esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. \nDenizden toplan\u0131p, Ruslara esir d\u00fc\u015fenlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu esir kamplar\u0131nda, tifo,\ntif\u00fcs gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131kl\u0131ndan, bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u0131da veya do\u011fal\nsebeplerden hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybettiler. Hayatta kalanlarsa \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019n\u0131n\ny\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt ile yedi y\u0131l gibi uzun zaman sonunda esir kamplar\u0131ndan\nka\u00e7arak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fler ve ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na devam etmi\u015flerdir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 geminin\nbatmas\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulunan asker ve personelin ak\u0131betleri hakk\u0131nda resmi\nkay\u0131tlarda bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu konu hakk\u0131nda bas\u0131na uygulanan sans\u00fcr\nnedeniyle bu konu hi\u00e7 bilinmedi k\u0131y\u0131ya y\u00fczerek kurtulanlar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden d\u00f6nenlerin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131yla\nda ancak \u00e7ok az ki\u015fi bu olaylardan bilgi sahibi olabildi. Bu konunun\nilk olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kurulu\u015funun 700 y\u0131l\u0131\nm\u00fcnasebeti ile 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\nTarih ve Sanat Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Yaman\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Deniz Ticareti ve\nT\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri Tarih\u00e7esi 2 adl\u0131 kitapta olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ne ac\u0131d\u0131r ki I.D\u00fcnya\nsava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ordunun ba\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm komuta kademelerinde etkin rollerde Alman\naskerleri bulunmakta tabi olarak Alman Askerleri Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatini\nkoruyacak kararlar almak yerine kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda karar\nalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sava\u015fta Osmanl\u0131ya verilen g\u00f6rev Ruslar\u0131 oyalamakt\u0131r. Almanlar\nOsmanl\u0131 Ruslar\u0131 oyalarken Rus cephesindeki askerleri Fransa cephesine kayd\u0131rarak\nFransa ile sava\u015ftan galip ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 geminin batmas\u0131 sonucunda\nistenilen malzemeler ile k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k giyeceklerin bu b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6rev yapan askeri\nbirliklere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamamas\u0131 ra\u011fmen bu hareketin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0131srar eden\nkomutanlar\u0131n on binlerce askerimizi tek bir mermi atmadan so\u011fuktan donarak\n\u015fehit olmalar\u0131na adeta g\u00f6z yummu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7anakkale\u2019de Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019ta Gali\u00e7ya\u2019da\nYemen\u2019de Filistin\u2019de ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 gemide bulunan \u015eehitlerimizi rahmet ve minnetle\nan\u0131yorum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

CUMHUR\u0130YET: 1893’te, Rusya taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere, Dumbarton’da Denny Bros.\nTezg\u00e2hlar\u0131nda in\u015fa ettirildi. 4.179 gros tonluktu. Uzunlu\u00ad\u011fu: 113 metre, ge\u00adni\u015fli\u011fi:\n13,7 metre, su kesimi: 7,7 met\u00adre idi. Makinesi 3.580 beygir g\u00fc\u00adc\u00fcndeydi. Burnu\nbastonluydu. 14 mil h\u0131z yap\u0131yordu. \u00d6nceleri Koroleva Olga ad\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\n29 Ekim1914 tarihinde Sivastopol liman\u0131nda ba\u011fl\u0131 iken el konularak buray\u0131\nbombalayan Yavuz z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yede\u011fine al\u0131narak \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirildi.\n\u0130stinye’ye ba\u011f\u00adland\u0131. Urla ad\u0131 verildi. Bir ara Alman bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilip ad\u0131 Olga\ndiye de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek T\u00fcrk-Alman denizcilerine \u0130stinye’de sabit k\u0131\u015fla olarak\ntahsis edildi. Cumhuriyetin \u0130lan\u0131 ile birlikte T\u00fcrkiye Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi\nverildi genellikle Karadeniz Hatt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 15 Ocak 1952 g\u00fcn\u00fc kadro\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131 13 Mart’\u0131nda \u0130talya’ya sat\u0131ld\u0131. La Spezia’da\ns\u00f6k\u00fclmesine ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

BEZM-\u0130 ALEM:<\/strong> 1 Ara\u00adl\u0131k 1888’de, \u0130ngiltere, Glasgow’da, Fairfield Shipb. Eng. Co. tezgah\u00adlar\u0131nda\nyolcu-y\u00fck gemi\u00adsi olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131. 4.527 gros, 3.286 net tonluktu.Uzunlu\u011fu:\n118,1 metre, geni\u015fli\u011fi: 13,4 metre, su kesimi: 9,8 metre idi. 3.000 beygir\ng\u00fcc\u00fcnde Fairf\u0131eld yap\u0131m\u0131 tripil buhar makinesi vard\u0131. 13 mil h\u0131z yap\u0131yordu. 38\nadet 1. mevki, 20 adet 2. mevki kamaras\u0131 vard\u0131. Bir Alman denizcilik firmas\u0131na\nait olup ilk ad\u0131 Dresden’di. \u0130lk seferine 5 Ocak 1889 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6nce\nBremen-New York, Bremen-Sydney seferleri yapt\u0131. Sonra1902’de de Kuzey ve G\u00fcney\nAtlantik sulannda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1903’te merkezi Liverpaool’de olan R.P. Houston\n& Co. finnas\u0131na sat\u0131larak Helios ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Ertesi y\u0131l, yine Liverpool’de\nUnion-Castle Line firmas\u0131na devredildi. 1906’da \u0130dare-i Mahsusa taraf\u0131ndan\nsat\u0131n al\u0131narak ad\u0131 Bezm-i Alem (II. Mahmud’un kad\u0131n\u0131, Abd\u00fcImecid’in an\u00adnesi)\nolarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. 24 Ekim 1914’te Ere\u011fli a\u00e7\u0131klananda Rus Sviatoj jevstafi\nadl\u0131 sava\u015f gemisi taraf\u0131ndan bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Filonun en g\u00fczel gemilerindendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

BAHR-\u0130 AHMER<\/strong>: 1893’te, \u0130ngiltere,\nNewcastle’de, W.G. Armstrong, Michell &Co. tezgahlar\u0131nda y\u00fck ve yolcu\ngemisi olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131. 3.724 gros, 2.290 net ton\u00adluktu. Uzunlu\u011fu: 108,9 metre,\ngeni\u015fli\u011fi: 12,7 metre, su kesimi: 7,8 metre idi. Wall\u00adsend yap\u0131m\u0131 2.200 beygir\ng\u00fcc\u00fcnde 3 silindirli tripil buhar makinesi vard\u0131. Saatte11,5 mil h\u0131z yap\u0131yordu.\n\u0130dare’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck gemilerindendi. \u00d6nce Raland ad\u0131yla Bre\u00admen-New York,\nBremen-G\u00fcney Amerika, Bremen-Baltimore aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.1911’de Osmanl\u0131 Seyr-i\nSefain \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131. O y\u0131l\u0131n \u015fubat’\u0131nda \u0130s\u00adtanbul’a geldi.\nBirinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca Donanma’n\u0131n emrine verildi. 24 Ekim1914 g\u00fcn\u00fc,\n\u0130stanbul’dan Trabzon’a asker ve m\u00fchimmat g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken Kandilli (Zon\u00adguldak)\nyak\u0131nlannda Sviata} jevstafif adl\u0131 Rus muhribinin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ate\u015fle bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u0130THATPA\u015eA:<\/strong> 1900’de,\u0130ngiltere, Newcast!e’de Sir Raylton Dixian & Co. tezgahlar\u0131nda\nyolcu-y\u00fck gemisi olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131. 4.455 gros, 2.448 net tonluktu. Uzunlu\u011fu:\n112,8 metre, geni\u015fli\u011fi: 14,1 metre, su ke\u00adsimi: 6,7 metre}di. Sir R. Dixion\nyap\u0131m\u0131 4.800 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcnde 6 silindirli tripil bu\u00adhar makinesi vard\u0131.\nUskurluydu. \u00d6nce Port Royal ad\u0131yla Antiller\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1911’de Osmanl\u0131\nDonan\u0131na Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131narak, donanman\u0131n emrine verildi. Sonra\nOsmanl\u0131 Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi’ne ge\u00e7ti. 24 Ekim 1914 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul’dan\nTrabzon’a asker ve m\u00fchimmat g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken Kandilli (Zonguldak) yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda\nGnevniJ, Bespokojnyi, Pronzite\/’nyi ve Derzkij adl\u0131 Rus muhriplerinin ate\u015fiyle\nbat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim adamlar\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Avrupal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda 19.Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015fiddetlenerek devam eden siyas\u00ee, asker\u00ee ve ekonomik rekabetin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu blokla\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ederler. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Avusturya Macaristan ve \u0130talya\u2019dan olu\u015fan \u0130ttifak Devletleri grubuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya\u2019dan meydana gelen \u0130tilaf Devletleri yer alm\u0131\u015f ve … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":491,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/479"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=479"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":490,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/479\/revisions\/490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}