{"id":45,"date":"2020-02-08T15:12:06","date_gmt":"2020-02-08T15:12:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/?p=45"},"modified":"2020-05-17T12:23:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T12:23:58","slug":"akdeniz-karadeniz-ve-gulcemal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/08\/akdeniz-karadeniz-ve-gulcemal\/","title":{"rendered":"AKDEN\u0130Z-KARADEN\u0130Z VE G\u00dcLCEMAL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Bu\ng\u00fcn ad\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sultan Abd\u00fclmecit zaman\u0131nda\nFevaid_i Osmaniye ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kuruldu. \nSultan Abd\u00fclaziz zaman\u0131nda \u0130dare-i Aziziye ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda  Sultan II. Ab.d\u00fclhamlt tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile ad\u0131\n\u0130dare-i Mahsusa olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. \u0130dare-i Aziziye d\u00f6neminde 126 gemisi olan\nkurulu\u015f bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k nedeniyle gemilerin hurdaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 neticesinde 1908\ny\u0131l\u0131nda elinde d\u0131\u015f hatlarda sefer yapabilecek 15 gemisi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u015firketi\n\u00f6zelle\u015ftirme giri\u015fiminde bulunulmu\u015f siyas\u0131 belirsizlik nedeniyle bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\nger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda II. Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 ile Sultan II Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in\ntahtan indirilmi\u015f, yerine ge\u00e7en Mehmet Re\u015fat d\u00f6neminde sermayesi\nyine devletten olmak ko\u015fuluyla, Maliye, Harbiye, Ticaret ve Naf\u0131a\nnezaretlerinden se\u00e7ilen \u00fcyelerden kurulu ve uzman bir genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00f6netiminde\nba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurul taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmek \u00fczere. “Osmanl\u0131 Seyrisefain\nidaresi” kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni kurulan bu kurulu\u015f ilk \u00f6nce elde mevcut gemilerin\nbak\u0131m ve onar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve yeni gemi al\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.\nBu ama\u00e7la 1910 y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esinden Harbiye Nezareti’ne ayr\u0131\u00adlan paradan Osmanl\u0131\nSeyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi’ne, aktar\u0131lan para ile de yeni gemliler sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131\namac\u0131yla , \u015eirket y\u00f6neticilerinden Nihat, Hamdi ve Abdurrah\u00adman Beyler \u2018den olu\u015fan bir sat\u0131n alma\nkomisyonu Avrupa’ya gemi almak i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6revlendirilen bu\nkomisyon zaman\u0131n en mo\u00addern ve sa\u011flam gemilerini olan Akdeniz, Karadeniz,\nG\u00fclcemal, Bahr-i Ahmer, Nil\u00fcfer, Pilevne, Derne ve K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak ad\u0131 verilen sekiz\nadet gemiyi ucuz bir bedel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Al\u0131nan bu gemilerden \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AKDEN\u0130Z:<\/strong> 1890’da, \u0130sko\u00e7ya, Glasgow’da Fairfield\nShipb. & Eng. Tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131nda yolcu ge\u00admisi olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131. 5.062 gros, 3.195\nnet tonluktu. Uzunlu\u011fu: 126,4 metre, geni\u015fli\u011fi: 16,6 metre, su kesimi: 9,1\nmetre idi. Fairfield Sb. Yap\u0131m\u0131 2.550 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcnde 3 silindirli tri\u00adpil buhar\nmakinesi var\u00add\u0131. Saatte 13 mil h\u0131z ya\u00adp\u0131yordu. 49 birinci, 38 ikinci mevki\nkamaras\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00d6nce Oldenburg ad\u0131yla Bremen-La Plata, Bremen-Baltimore,\nBremen-New York, Bremen-\u015eanghay aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra 1911’de Osmanl\u0131\nSeyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan 21.233.53 alt\u0131n\nlira kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131n al\u0131narak ad\u0131 Akdeniz olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Akdeniz\nSeyr-i Sefain \u0130daresinin en rahat en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck gemilerindendi. \u00d6nce\nposta seferlerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1912’de askeriyenin em\u00adrine al\u0131narak hastane\ngemisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ysa da ertesi y\u0131l \u0130dare’ye iade edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 18\n\u015eubat 1913 tarihinde Enver Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n emri ile Bulgar Ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u015eark\u00f6y’e\nyap\u0131lan \u00e7\u0131karmada nakliye gemisi olarak yer ald\u0131. \u00c7\u0131karma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olunca\nsahile \u00e7\u0131kan askeri tekrar alarak b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Kas\u0131m\n1913’te Karadeniz Midye k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na Bulgar istilas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 asker sevk eden\nkuvvette yer ald\u0131. 20 Kas\u0131m 19l4’te Kafkas cephesi i\u00e7in Trabzon’a asker\nsevkiyat\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Aral\u0131k\n1914’te yine Kafkas Cephesi i\u00e7in bu defa Rize’ye asker sevkiyat\u0131nda bulundu. 21\nAral\u0131k 1914 tekrar Trabzon’a asker sevkiyat\u0131n\u00adda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1918’de\nT\u00fcrkiye’deki Alman askerlerini memleketlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1929’da\nAziz (Derya) Kaptan’\u0131n kumandas\u0131nda iken Zonguldak’ta \u015fiddetli dalgalar\u0131n\netkisiyle r\u0131ht\u0131ma bindirerek karaya oturduktan sonra 1930’da hizmet d\u0131\u015f\u0131\nb\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, ertesi y\u0131l. \u0130talyanlara sat\u0131ld\u0131. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Savona’da s\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KARADEN\u0130Z:<\/strong> 1890’da, \u0130sko\u00e7ya, Glasgow’da, Fairfield\nShipb. & Eng. Tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131nda yolcu gemisi olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131. 5.062 gros, 3.136\nnet tonluktu. Uzunlu\u011fu: 126,4 metre, geni\u015fli\u011fi: 16,6 metre, su kesimi: 9,1\nmetre idi. Fairfield Sb. Yap\u0131m\u0131 2.550 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcnde 3 silindirli tripil buhar\nmakinesi vard\u0131. Saatte 13 mil h\u0131z yap\u0131yor\u00addu. 49 birinci, 38 de ikinci mevki\nkamaras\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00d6nce Norddeutscher Uoyd (Hamburg) kumpanyas\u0131n\u0131n gemisi olarak\nDarmstadt ad\u0131yla Bremen-La Plata, Bre\u00admen-\u015eanghay, Bremen-New York,\nBremen-Sydney aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra 191O’da Osmanl\u0131 Seyr-i Sefain\n\u0130daresi’ne 16.364.95 alt\u0131n lira kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131ld\u0131.\n1911’de Karadeniz ad\u0131yla filoda yerini ald\u0131. 1912’de Donanma’n\u0131n emrine al\u0131nd\u0131,\n1914 “inci Cihan Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n\n\u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile gemi Bahriye Nezaretine eniz Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na) verildi.  \u00c7anakkale’ye asker ve malzeme ta\u015f\u0131rken Afgan\nas\u0131ll\u0131 Abd\u00fclaziz isimli bir k\u0131ta \u00e7avu\u015fu levaz\u0131mat\u0131 Umumiye reisi \u0130smail Hakk\u0131\nPa\u015fa’ya di\u011fer Afganl\u0131 ar\u00adkada\u015flar\u0131 ile beraber kendileri\u00adnin Afganistan\u2019a\ng\u00f6nderildikleri taktirde, Afganistan\u2019da \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 Provokasyon y\u00f6ntemi\nile ayaklanma \u00e7\u0131karabileceklerine ve bu suretle Afganistan’\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na katabileceklerine inand\u0131rd\u0131. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru\nKaradeniz Va\u00adpuru Tahir Kaptan’\u0131n y\u00f6netimin\u00adde bu ser\u00fcvenciler ile Bombay’a hareket\netti ise de \u0130ngiliz Entelijan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc durumu haber ald\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131ndan gemiye 26.11.1914\ntari\u00adhinde Bombay Liman\u01311<\/sup> nda el ko\u00adnuldu26 Kas\u0131m 1914\ng\u00fcn\u00fc, Hindistan, Bombay’da \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan el kondu. 1923’te\nBombay’da s\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc. (Akdeniz ile Karadeniz birbirinin e\u015fi gemilerdi.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00dcLCEMAL :<\/strong> G\u00fclcemal\nya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk deniz filosunun en \u00f6nemli gemisi idi “Amerika\ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f” efsane bir gemiydi. Ad\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle Karadeniz’de maniler, \u015fiirler\nyaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015fark\u0131lar bestelenmi\u015f, t\u00fcrk\u00fcler yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karadeniz seferleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her limanda di\u011fer\ngemiler onu d\u00fcd\u00fck \u00e7alarak kar\u015f\u0131lard\u0131, halk bu selamlamay\u0131 duyunca, onu g\u00f6rmeye\nk\u0131y\u0131lara ko\u015fard\u0131. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden takalar, motorlar, kay\u0131klar gelip etraf\u0131nda adeta sevgi\n\u00e7emberi olu\u015fturur, yolcu ve y\u00fckleri bo\u015faltmaya ba\u015flarlard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 seremoni daha\nsonraki limanlarda da tekrarlan\u0131rd\u0131.Bu arada t\u00fcm \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen\niyile\u015femeyen hastalar\u0131n kay\u0131kla G\u00fclcemal’in\netraf\u0131nda yedi kez dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u015fifa bulaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131ldi\u011f\u0131ndan\nhasta kay\u0131klar\u0131 limanlarda onun \u00e7evresinde tur atarlard\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda\nAtat\u00fcrk’ten \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ya \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’den Karabekir Pasa’ya kadar bir\u00e7ok devlet buy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne\ngidecekleri yere sa\u011f salim ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, takdirnameler alm\u0131\u015f bir gemi idi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni gemiler al\u0131nmas\u0131  ama\u00e7\u0131yla Avrupa’ya giden heyet  yirmi be\u015f bin Osmanl\u0131 alt\u0131n\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk\ngemi idi ilk ad\u0131 Germanic’ti.Gemi\n\u0130ngiltere’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck denizcilik sirketlerinden White Star taraf\u0131ndan Kuzey\nIrlanda’n\u0131n Belfast Kenti’ndeki Harland & Wolf adl\u0131 Tersanede , \u0130ngiltere\nve Amerika aras\u0131nda yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mak amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 15 Temmuz 1874 g\u00fcn\u00fc\ndenize indirilmi\u015fti. \u0130ki bacas\u0131, d\u00f6rt diregi ile g\u00fczel bir gemi olan Germanic’in boyu 142, geni\u015fli\u011fi ise\n14 metreydi. 5.071 grostonluktu. D\u00f6nemin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lan bu gemi\nsaatte 15 deniz mili hiz yapabilmekteydi. Birinci mevkide 220 yolcu\na\u011f\u0131rlayabilecek kapasitede olan gemide ikinci mevki yoktu, bunu yerine 1.500\ng\u00f6\u00e7men ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek kapasitede ko\u011fu\u015flar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Geminin g\u00f6\u00e7men b\u00f6lum\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerleri\nadeta y\u00fczen bir saray\u0131 an\u0131msatacak sekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Kamaralar, yemek ve\ndinlenme salonlar\u0131 cok b\u00fcy\u00fck tutulmu\u015ftu. Bunun yan\u0131nda oyun salonlar\u0131 ve l\u00fcks\nrestoranlar\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi \u00e7ekmekteydi. \u0130lk\nseferini 30 May\u0131s 1875 g\u00fcn\u00fc yapan Germanic,\n1902 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Ingiltere-Amerika aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fti. 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda\nmerkezi Liverpool’da olan Dominien Lines firmas\u0131na sat\u0131ld\u0131. Firma gemiyi\nAvrupa’dan Amerika’ya g\u00f6\u00e7men ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullanmak istiyordu. Bu nedenle\ngemide baz\u0131 de\u011fisiklikler yap\u0131l\u0131rken ad\u0131 da degi\u015ftirildi “Ottawa” oldu. Germanic ve ikizi Britannic’te yolculuk yapan bazi ki\u015filerin ifadelerine g\u00f6\u00adre bu el\nde\u011fi\u015ftirmelerden \u00f6nce gemilerin ambarlar\u0131nda, birinci s\u0131n\u0131f yolculara taze s\u00fct\nikram etmek \u00fczere inek besleniyordu Gemi, Atlanti\u011fin ortas\u0131nda seyrederken,\nse\u00e7kin yolcular taze s\u00fct i\u00e7menin tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. G\u00fclcemal\u2019de  ayr\u0131ca bir de\nsera bulunmaktayd\u0131. Burada yeti\u015ftirilen \u00e7icekler, gemi salonlar\u0131na konuluyor,\nyemek masalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsl\u00fcyordu. Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi’nin yakla\u015f\u0131k\nyirmi be\u015f bin alt\u0131n\n\u00f6deyip sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ot\u00adtawa, istenilen\nbaz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra 1911 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuk bir \u015fubat gun\u00fc\n\u0130stanbul Liman\u0131\u2019na geldi. D\u00f6nemin Padi\u015fah\u0131Sultan\nRe\u015fad’\u0131n annesinin ismi olan G\u00fclcemal \nad\u0131 verildi. G\u00fclcemal. \u00d6nceleri Karadeniz 2 Postas\u0131’na verildi.\nGemi \u0130stanbul’dan kalk\u0131\u015fla \u0130nebolu, Samsun, Trabzon, Rize ve Hopa’ya ugrad\u0131ktan\nsonra Rize, S\u00fcrmene, Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu, \u00dcnye, Samsun, \u0130nebolu, Zonguldak\nlimanlar\u0131na u\u011frayarak Istanbul Liman\u0131na geliyordu. K\u0131sa\ns\u00fcrede Karadenizlinin monoton ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 renklendiren, hareketlendiren bir gemi\nolmu\u015ftu. G\u00fclcemal, aileden biri\ngibiydi. Ad\u0131 bazi benzetmelerle dile girmi\u015f, hakk\u0131nda maniler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131z\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131na onun ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden gemi bazen di\u011fer hatlara Marmara ve\nEge hatlar\u0131na verildi\u011fi zaman Karadenizliler onun eksikli\u011fini hissediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gemi, daha sonra \u0130zmir hatt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken\nrahatl\u0131\u011fi ve konforuyla b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi toplad\u0131. Bas\u0131nda onun hakk\u0131nda \u00f6vg\u00fc dolu\nyaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130stanbul’un en l\u00fcks otellerinden Tokatl\u0131yan’la mukayese\nedildi, hatta baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden ondan \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fu vurguland\u0131. Haftal\u0131k Mecmua’n\u0131n 107. say\u0131s\u0131nda G\u00fclcemal’le ilgili olarak yay\u0131nlanan\nyaz\u0131 da buna \u00f6rnektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7enlerde G\u00fclcemal’le Izmir’e gidip\ngeldik. Istanbul’dan \u0130zmir’e kadar cidden m\u00fckemmel, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istirahat\nesbab\u0131n\u0131 cami g\u00fczel bir seyahat yapt\u0131k. T\u00fcrkiyemizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en g\u00fczel iki\nliman\u0131 aras\u0131nda G\u00fclcemal gibi seri ve m\u00fckemmel bir vapurla seyahat ederken ne\nkadar zevk duyulabilece\u011fini takidir edebilmek i\u00e7in mutlaka b\u00f6yle bir seyahat\nyapma\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filhakika bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck seferin devam\u0131\nm\u00fcddetince vapurda insan\u0131n rahats\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131n, can\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtimali\nyoktur. Her \u015fey o kadar g\u00fczel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, o kadar iyi tertip edilmi\u015ftir. Kamaran\u0131zdan tutunuz da\nbirinci, ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f yolculara mahsus ve Rize mamulat\u0131 has\u0131r tak\u0131mlar\u0131yla\nbezenmi\u015f g\u00fcverteler kadar vapurun her k\u00f6\u015fesi b\u00fcy\u00fck temizli\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir\nitinan\u0131n asar\u0131 ile doludur. Yemekler m\u00fckemmel ve o nispette ucuzdur. \u0130yi bir\ncazbant aksamlar\u0131 yemekten sonra yolcular\u0131n musiki ihtiyac\u0131na cevap veriyor,\nsalonda b\u00fcy\u00fccek bir hoparl\u00f6r ise telsiz telefon konserlerini ne\u015frediyor. But\u00fcn\nbunlara G\u00fclcemal’in g\u00fczide s\u00fcvarisi Cemal Kaptan’la ikinci s\u00fcvarisi \u0130hya Kaptan’\u0131n\nm\u00fcfrit nezaketlerini, vazifelerine g\u00f6sterdikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck itinay\u0131 da ilave ediniz.\nG\u00fclcemal’le yapacagimz seyahatin verecegi zevk ve in\u015firahi bir dereceye kadar\ntahmin edebilirsiniz!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yevmi gazetelerden birisi pek hakl\u0131 olarak\n“\u0130stanbul’un ve Izmir’in en g\u00fczel oteli muhakkak ki \u0130stanbul’la \u0130zmir\naras\u0131nda gelip giden G\u00fclcemal’dir.” diyordu. G\u00fcndelik refiklerimizin bir\ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir isabet vard\u0131r. G\u00fclcemal’in kamaralar\u0131 Tokatlayan’\u0131n m\u00fckellef\nyatak odalar\u0131 derecesinde olmasa bile bilhassa temizlik hususunda ayn\u0131 derecede\nve hatta ona faiktir. Hele kamarotlar\u0131n sizi Tokatayan’\u0131n garsonlanndan fazla\nmemnun edeceklerinden s\u00fcphe yoktur. Yemekler de ayn\u0131 suretle yolcular\u0131 hem\nnefaset hem de ucuzluk itibariyle memnun b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Canakkale’ye asker g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken 27 \u015eubat 1915 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130mral\u0131 \u00f6nlerinde\nbir Ingiliz E-14 adl\u0131 denizalt\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan torpille yaraland\u0131, \u0130stanbul’a\ng\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek bak\u0131ma al\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130ki y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir bak\u0131mdan sonra 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda  G\u00fclcemal\nI.D\u00fcn\u00adya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131  bitiren Mondros\nAte\u015fkes Antlasmasi’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan son\u00adra M\u0131s\u0131r’daki kamplarda bulunan\nAlman askerini Wilhelmshaven ve Hamburg limanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru\ngazetelerde yer alan bir haber herkes i\u00e7in ov\u00fcn\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu: G\u00fclcemal Amerika’dayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dedeo\u011flu ad\u0131ndaki Rum \u0130\u015fletmesi taraf\u0131ndan kiralanan G\u00fclcemal, Otto\u00adman America kumpanyas\u0131\nad\u0131na K\u00f6stence-lstanbul-Napoli ve Marsilya \u00fczerinden New York’a yapti\u011fi seferi\nba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, “Amerika’ya gi\u00adden ilk T\u00fcrk ticaret\ngemi’si” sifat\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131st\u0131. Asker k\u00f6kenli deneyimli denizci Liitfi\nKaptan’\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde seferi ba\u015far\u0131 ile tamamlayan G\u00fclcemal’i kar\u015f\u0131lamak, g\u00f6rmek amaciyla \u00e7ok say\u0131da Amerikal\u0131\nr\u0131ht\u0131ma birikmi\u015fti. Bir T\u00fcrk gemisinin, T\u00fcrk denizcilerinin Atlantik’i a\u015f\u0131p\nAmerika’ya gelmesi onlara imkansiz gibi geliyordu ama T\u00fcrkler\nbir imkans\u0131z\u0131 gergekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck gazetelerden Vakit 18 Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihli\nsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n birinci sayfas\u0131nda G\u00fclcemal’in\ngeli\u015fini “Amerika’da ilk T\u00fcrk bayra\u011fi” ba\u015fli\u011fi alt\u0131nda s\u00f6yle\nveriyordu: G\u00fclcemal vapurumuzun\nAmerika’da uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131i tesir New York muhabir-i mahsusumuzdan: Birkac g\u00fcnl\u00fck intizardan sonra G\u00fclcemal Amerika’ya geldi.\nG\u00fclcemal’in buraya geli\u015fi gerek Amerikan muhitinde, gerek T\u00fcrk muhitinde \u00e7ok\ntatl\u0131 bir tesir yapti. Senelerden beri vatana hasret, gurbette d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\ntahamm\u00fcls\u00fcz hakaretleri alt\u0131nda birbirine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan, birbirine derin ve samimi\nbir muhabbetle ba\u011flanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, fakat \u00e7ok samimi, \u00e7ok sicak T\u00fcrk muhitinde o\nkadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zevk ve vecd uyandirdi ki herkes ilk defa Bahr-i Muhit’in\n[Atlas Okyanusu kastedilmekte] \u00fczerinde dalgalanan Osmanl\u0131 bayra\u011f\u0131na mukaddes\nbir his ve h\u00fcrmetle ko\u015ftu. Onu sevgili vatan\u0131n bir m\u00fcjdecisi, manevi bir\ng\u00f6lgesi gibi selamlad\u0131. Sanki G\u00fclcemal bize sevgili vatan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 getirdi.\nSanki \u00e7ok aziz fakat uzak karde\u015flerimizin maneviyetinden bize bir seyler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Her T\u00fcrk senelerce\nuzak yasamis bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir saniye olsun vatan\u0131nda kendi milletine,\nkendi vakar\u0131na, kendi \u015ferefine mazhar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Her g\u00fcn hakaretlerle rencide,\nmuztarip kalpler onun sayesi alt\u0131nda vatanlar\u0131na, vatan karde\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 o\nkadar da rasin ve kuvvetli bir muhabbet duydular ki pek \u00e7oklar\u0131 bu manevi tesir\nalt\u0131nda a\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal\ntepesinde sallanan bayrak bize \u015feref getirdi. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n ate\u015f sa\u00e7an ve her dakika\nba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za k\u0131zg\u0131n bir demir gibi inen kini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda milletimizin kuvvetini\nmilli iman\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi azim ve tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc daha canl\u0131 daha hakiki bir \u015fekilde\nduyduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 G\u00fclcemal Amerikan muhitinde derin hayret\nuyand\u0131rd\u0131. Herkes ak\u0131n ak\u0131n G\u00fclcemal\u2019i T\u00fcrk kaptanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye ko\u015ftular. Hala\nbizi aya\u011f\u0131nda \u015falvar elinde \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve vah\u015fi olarak tan\u0131yan Amerikal\u0131lar,\nbir T\u00fcrk kaptan\u0131n\u0131n Atlas Okyanusunu ge\u00e7mesine, bir T\u00fcrk kaptan\u0131n\u0131n her kaptan\ngibi bir insan oldu\u011funa kolay kolay inanmad\u0131lar.Sinemac\u0131lar, Foto\u011frafc\u0131lar vapura ko\u015ftu, bir iki g\u00fcn kaptanlar yaln\u0131z objektifler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda durmaya\nmecbur oldular. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerikan halk\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun ilgisine mazhar\nolan G\u00fclcemal, Istanbul’a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131  s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken tats\u0131z bir s\u00fcrprizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131.\nGemiye 200 bin dolarl\u0131k haciz konulmu\u015ftu ve bu bor\u00e7 \u00f6denmeden New York\nLiman\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamayacakt\u0131! Olay, Dedeoglu\nfirmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Firma, gemiyi kiralad\u0131ktan sonra 200 bin dolarl\u0131k\nharcama yaparak \u00e7esitli eksikliklerini gidermi\u015f, ancak bu bor\u00e7u \u00f6dememi\u015fti. Geminin\nsahibi Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi de, kiraci firmadan ne bir kefalet, ne de kefalet\nmektubu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\nAlacakl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine New York Deniz Ticaret Mahkemesi’nde konu ele\nal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, mahkeme bor\u00e7lu firmaya en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede borcunu \u00f6demesini ihtar etmis.,\naksi halde geminin mezata \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Savas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\nDevleti’nin Amerika ile ili\u015fkisi kesilmi\u015f bulunuyordu. Amerika’da Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\nhaklar\u0131n\u0131n koruma ve kollama g\u00f6revini \u0130spanya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iligi \u00fcstlenmi\u015fti. Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi’nin\nmahkemeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvuru sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131nca \u0130spanya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi devreye girdi.\nAncak el\u00e7ili\u011fin ilk giri\u015fimleri, geminin Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi’ne ait oldu\u011fu,\nbu nedenle sat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 yolundaki itiraz\u0131 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi. Ispanya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi’nin, Amerikan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti nezdindeki \u00e7abalar\u0131\nda bir netice vermedi. G\u00fclcemal\nm\u00fcrettebat\u0131 be\u015f paras\u0131z, pulsuz kalm\u0131st\u0131.\n\u00dcstelik gemiden \u00e7\u0131kmalarma izin verilmiyordu. Mahkemenin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi\nbelli de\u011fildi. Bu nedenle Seyr-i Sefain Idaresi, ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve yiyecek giderlerine\ntahsis edilmek \u00fczere yedi bin lira sa\u011flayarak New York’a g\u00f6nderdi. G\u00fclcemal, sert k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ilkbahar\u0131 karaya vurmu\u015f bir balina gibi\nr\u0131ht\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7irdi. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Uzun zaman alan\n\u00e7abalardan sonra, aylard\u0131r “Esir” gi\u00adbi limanda tutulmakta olan G\u00fclcemal hacizden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Gemi\nyeniden \u0130stanbul liman\u0131na demir att\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman takvimler11\nHaziran 1921 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyordu. Yani G\u00fclcemal\u2019in\nbu seferi tarn 6 ay s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmasi’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan\nsonra m\u00fcbadele yani T\u00fcrk ve Yunan topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Rum ve T\u00fcrklerin\nde\u011fi\u015fim i\u015fi ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman m\u00fcbadilleri ta\u015f\u0131makla g\u00f6revlendirilen gemiler\naras\u0131nda G\u00fclcemal de vard\u0131. G\u00fclcemal, Istanbul-Selanik ve\nIzmir-Pire limanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7ok say\u0131da sefer yaparak\nm\u00fcbadilleri gidecekleri yerlere ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal, 1937 y\u0131lmda kadro d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131larak Hali\u00e7’e ba\u011fland\u0131. Ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u0131k\ns\u0131k ar\u0131za yap\u0131yor, b\u00fcy\u00fck masraflar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonun ilk\nad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131. Kaptan \u0130hya G\u00f6rg\u00fcn taraf\u0131ndan Hali\u00e7’e \u00e7ekildi. Bir ara depo\nolarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada kamuoyunda kaderi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fczer\notel yapilmasi \u00fczerinde duruldu, ancak bunun da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir maliyet gerektirdigi\nbelirlenince bu fikirden vazge\u00e7ildi. 1950’nin Ocak ay\u0131nda gazetelere verilen\nilanlarla G\u00fclcemal’in sat\u0131\u015fa\n\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyuruldu. Gemiyi sok\u00fclmek \u00fczere bir Italyan firmasi ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bir g\u00fcn G\u00fclcemal, y\u0131llard\u0131r hapis hayati s\u00fcrd\u00fcg\u00fc Hali\u00e7’ten r\u00f6mork\u00f6rler\ne\u015fli\u011finde ayr\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fclcemal son\nseferine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fclcemal \u00f6l\u00fcme\ngidiyordu. Limandaki gemiler d\u00fcd\u00fck \u00e7alarak bu ya\u015fl\u0131, g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, halk\u0131n g\u00f6nll\u00fcnde taht kurmus.\narkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 u\u011furluyarlard\u0131.. S\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 75 y\u0131ll\u0131k hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fcyle o tarihte\nd\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ikinci gemisi olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal, ufkun otesinde bir yerlerde kayboldu… Artik efsanelerde,\u015fiirlerde yasayacakti…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipki Bedri Rahmi Eyupoglu’nun misralannda\noldugu gibi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Istanbul\ndeyince aklima Gulcemal gelir <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu’da toprak\ndaml\u0131 bir evde G\u00fclcemal \u00fcst\u00fcne t\u00fcrk\u00fcler s\u00f6ylenir <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fct akar c\u00fcmle\nmusluklan\u0131ndan <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direklerinden\ng\u00fcller tomurcuklan\u0131r <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu toprak\ndaml\u0131 bir evde \u00e7ocuklu\u011fum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal’le\ngider \u0130stanbul’a <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal’le\ngelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fclcemal gemisinden\ng\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan objelerden Tavan Bord\u00fcrleri T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri A.\u015e\nGenel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nde ve Deniz M\u00fczesinde Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn oturdu\u011fu ve tavla masas\u0131\nDeniz M\u00fczesinde Piyonosu ise AnkaraResim ve Heykel M\u00fczesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu g\u00fcn ad\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Denizcilik \u0130\u015fletmeleri 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sultan Abd\u00fclmecit zaman\u0131nda Fevaid_i Osmaniye ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kuruldu.  Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz zaman\u0131nda \u0130dare-i Aziziye ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda  Sultan II. Ab.d\u00fclhamlt tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile ad\u0131 \u0130dare-i Mahsusa olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. \u0130dare-i Aziziye d\u00f6neminde 126 gemisi olan kurulu\u015f bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k nedeniyle gemilerin hurdaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 neticesinde 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda elinde d\u0131\u015f hatlarda sefer … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilarim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions\/51"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}