{"id":357,"date":"2020-02-12T22:26:31","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T22:26:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/?p=357"},"modified":"2020-05-17T12:16:13","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T12:16:13","slug":"deniz-yollarinin-ornek-suvarilerinden-mehmet-ihya-kaptan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/12\/deniz-yollarinin-ornek-suvarilerinden-mehmet-ihya-kaptan\/","title":{"rendered":"Deniz Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6rnek s\u00fcvarilerinden Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilmem, gen\u00e7 denizciler\nonun ad\u0131m hi\u00e7 duymu\u015flar m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130dare’nin bir zamanlar bir Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan’\u0131\nvard\u0131. Bilenler bilir, s\u00f6z\u00fcm gen\u00e7 denizcilere… Burada gen\u00e7lere onu tan\u0131tmak\nistiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130hya Kaptan 1895\u2019te\n\u0130stanbul’da do\u011fdu. T\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131m Hali\u00e7’te kaptanl\u0131k yaparak ge\u00e7iren Hasan\nKaptan’\u0131n torunuydu… K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta denizcili\u011fe heveslenmesinde, evde dedesinin\nanlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 denizcilik an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 olsa gerektir. Gen\u00e7 Mehmet \u0130hya o\ny\u0131llarda ticaret gemilerine kaptan ve \u00e7ark\u00e7\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren Ticaret-i Bahriye ve\n\u00c7ark\u00e7\u0131 Mekteb-i Alisi\u2019ne girdi. Mezun oldu\u011funda 19 ya\u015f\u0131nda, gencecik bir m\u00fclaz\u0131m\nkaptand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk gemi Seyhun gemisi oldu. O y\u0131l i\u00e7inde\nBezm-i Alem gemisine g\u00f6nderildi. Bu, \u0130ngiltere yap\u0131s\u0131, 4.500 gros tonluk gemi,\n\u0130dare-i Mahsusa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en g\u00fczel gemilerindendi. \u0130ki direkliydi. Kocaman\nbir de bacas\u0131 vard\u0131. Y\u0131llarca Bremen – New York aras\u0131nda, sonra da Bremen – Sydney\naras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130dare-i Mahsusa ald\u0131ktan sonra Karadeniz’ de\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O s\u0131ralarda Birinci D\u00fcnya\nSava\u015f\u0131 hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kan ve ate\u015f giderek t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130nsanlar\nyaln\u0131z karada de\u011fil, denizlerde de ac\u0131madan birbirini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. \u0130nsanl\u0131k\ntarihinde ilk kez ilkel u\u00e7aklarla havalarda bile birbirlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte, sava\u015f\u0131n patlak verdi\u011fi o d\u00f6nemde, 14 Ekim 1914\ng\u00fcn\u00fc, Band\u0131rma\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 harp malzemesi ve cephaneyi Kafkas Cephesi\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek\n\u00fczere Trabzon\u2019a hareket eden Bezm-i Alem gemimiz Karadeniz’de seyir halindeyken\nbir Rus denizalt\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Sviatoj Jevstafi adl\u0131 bu denizalt\u0131, Ere\u011fli\na\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan koca geminin T\u00fcrk gemisi oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131nca hemen\nate\u015f ederek onu ciddi bir \u015fekilde yaralad\u0131, sonra da Karadeniz’in karanl\u0131k sular\u0131na\ng\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denizalt\u0131da yine de\nmerhametli kimseler varm\u0131\u015f ki, bunlar denize d\u00f6k\u00fclenlerin toplayabildiklerini\ndenizalt\u0131ya alarak. Hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131lar. Bu \u015fanl\u0131 insanlar aras\u0131nda gen\u00e7\nMehmet \u0130hya Kaptan da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen\u00e7 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kaptan\u0131m\u0131z\ni\u00e7in tam alt\u0131 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek esaret hayat\u0131 b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Bir s\u00fcre\ng\u00f6nderildi\u011fi bir esir kamp\u0131nda kald\u0131. \u00c7ok eziyet \u00e7ekti. En \u00e7ok ailesinden\nayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 onu peri\u015fan ediyordu. \u0130stanbul’daki yak\u0131nlar\u0131, onun batan\ngemiyle birlikte \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc san\u0131yor olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esaretinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda,\n1917 Ekim’inde Rus \u0130htilali patlak verince koca Rusya y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrecek buhranl\u0131\nbir d\u00f6nemin derinliklerine s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi. Anar\u015fi t\u00fcm \u00fclkeye yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6nce\nBol\u015fevikler, sonra da kom\u00fcnistler \u00fclkenin y\u00f6netimini ellerine ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdi ve\nbir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu ar\u0131yorlarsa da kurduklar\u0131 d\u00fczen insanlara en do\u011fal haklar\u0131 olan\nhuzur ve g\u00fcveni sa\u011flayam\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte bu \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ve\numutsuz, karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemde gen\u00e7 Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan nas\u0131l yapt\u0131ysa yapt\u0131, bir\nkolay\u0131m bularak ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar gelip vatana kavu\u015fmas\u0131 hi\u00e7\nde kolay olmayacakt\u0131. Bu durumda, daha uzun, bin bir macera ile dolu ve sonu\nkaranl\u0131k bir ba\u015fka yolu denemek zorunda kald\u0131. Sahte kimlikle bindi\u011fi\nTrans-Sibirya treniyle u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z Sibirya’y\u0131 bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru kat\nederek haftalar sonra Vladivostok Jimanma varmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vladivostok, Sibirya’n\u0131n\nen do\u011fusundaki liman \u015fehri… G\u00fcne\u015f, Rusya topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerine buradan\ndo\u011fmakta… Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan bu \u015fehirde bir s\u00fcre kald\u0131. Sonra yine nas\u0131l becerdiyse\nkendine bir Arnavut pasaportu \u00e7\u0131kartarak limandaki demirli gemilerden birine\ntayfa yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Y\u0131l, 1920… Gen\u00e7 Mehmet \u0130hya 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda… Bir an \u00f6nce vatana\nd\u00f6nmek, ailesine kavu\u015fmak ve b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fine d\u00f6nmek arzusuyla yanmaktayd\u0131…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bindi\u011fi gemi g\u00fcn\u00fc gelince Vladivostok’tan hareket\netti. G\u00fcneye do\u011fru d\u00fcmen k\u0131rarak koca \u00c7in’i dola\u015ft\u0131, g\u00fcney sular\u0131na indi,\nHindistan’\u0131n g\u00fcneyinden dola\u015farak K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz yoluyla S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7ti\nve sonunda \u0130talya sular\u0131na vard\u0131. Gen\u00e7 Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan, \u0130talya’da karaya\n\u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca do\u011fruca Viyana’ya gitti. Ve nihayet \u0130stanbul’a, baba evine oradan bir\nposta kart\u0131 atmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, trene\nbinerek \u0130stanbul’ a vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman baba oca\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lal\u0131 alt\u0131 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir\nzaman ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Vatana d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olman\u0131n tatl\u0131 heyecan\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi. Do\u011fruca evine\ngitti. Kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman neredeyse kalbi duracakt\u0131! Kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ailesi, o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131\nkar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri zaman \u00f6nce g\u00f6zlerine inanamad\u0131! Ay\u0131lanlar, bay\u0131lanlar\noldu. Sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn evi ger\u00e7ek bir mutluluk dalgas\u0131 sard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmet \u0130hya, alt\u0131 y\u0131l\ns\u00fcren esaretten sa\u011f salim evine d\u00f6nmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama i\u015fsizdi, art\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\nzorundayd\u0131. Do\u011fru’ca T\u00fcrkiye Seyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi’ne ba\u015fvurarak yurda\nd\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirdi ve kendisine i\u015f vermelerini istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir maceradan \u00f6tekine savruldu\u011fu\nesaret y\u0131llar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yerine Mustafa Kemal\nPa\u015fa’n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u015flat\u0131lan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 zaferle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\nCumhuriyeti kurulmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye gelece\u011fe g\u00fcvenle bak\u0131yordu. Ne var ki \u00fclke\nyokluk i\u00e7indeydi, zor durumdayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\nSeyr-i Sefain \u0130daresi de sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dar bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7mi\u015f,\nelindeki birka\u00e7 eski gemiyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu nedenle\nkendisine ancak K\u00f6pr\u00fc \u0130htiyat m\u00fclaz\u0131m kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verebildiler. Yani \u015eehir\nHatlar\u0131’n\u0131n yedek kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131… Bir S\u00fcre sonra \u015eehir Hatlar\u0131’n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\nHaydarpa\u015fa, sonra da Ba\u011fdat vapuruna ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1927′\nde Gelibolu’ya, hemen arkas\u0131ndan da me\u015fhur G\u00fclcemal gemisine… Gen\u00e7 Mehmet\n\u0130hya art\u0131k koskoca bir geminin \u0130kinci kaptan\u0131d\u0131r. Sorumluluklar\u0131yla birlikte,\nyetkileri de artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130dare\u2019nin art\u0131k \u00e7ok g\u00fcvendi\u011fi, parlak bir gelecek\ng\u00f6rd\u00fckleri bir eleman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1930’da Hollanda yap\u0131s\u0131 Ege gemisinin ikinci\nkaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan, 1933’te \u00f6nce G\u00fclnihal’in s\u00fcvarili\u011fine,\n\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonrada 1933’te G\u00fclcemal’in s\u00fcvarili\u011fine terfi ettirilir. Son s\u00fcvarili\u011fini\nAksu gemisinde yapan Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fabrika – Havuzlar\nM\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nde hizmetlerine bu sefer de, karada tersanelerde devam eder. 1940’ta\nG\u00fcverte Enspekt\u00f6r1\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, derken 1944’te de \u0130stanbul Liman \u0130\u015fletmesi’nin\nm\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirilir. 1952’de de emekli olur. 57 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 hep\ngemilerde, denizlerde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131m\ndinlenerek ge\u00e7irmeyi fazlas\u0131yla hak etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seferden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman evinde ailesini \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\netraf\u0131na toplar, ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7enleri onlara anlatmaktan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zevk al\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.\nYakaland\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fiddetli f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman da, “Of of, dalgalar\u0131n\n\u015fiddetinden geminin ismi bile silindi, gitti!” dermi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet\u2026 Deniz Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\nme\u015fhur bir \u0130hya Kaptan\u0131 vard\u0131. Gen\u00e7li\u011fi Rusya\u2019da esarette ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Orta\nya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da gemilerde bata \u00e7\u0131ka azg\u0131n denizlerde\u2026 Ba\u015fka yerde olsa b\u00f6ylesine\nrenkli ve hareketli ge\u00e7en ya\u015fam\u0131n roman\u0131n\u0131 yazarlar, Bizde ise yaz\u0131k ki yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan\nba\u015fka kimsenin an\u0131msamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deniz adam\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130hya Kaptan, bu\nvurdumduymazl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in affet bizleri sen;  Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan’\u0131 1965’te son yolculu\u011funa\nu\u011furlad\u0131k. 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda idi. Nur i\u00e7inde yat sen \u0130hya Kaptan…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan’\u0131n Biyografisi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Do\u011fumu\n <\/td>\n 1885 \n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Ticaret-i Bahriye ve \u00c7ark\u00e7\u0131\n Mekteb-i Alisi mezun.\n <\/td>\n 1914\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Seyhun Gemisinde M\u00fclaz\u0131m Kaptan\n <\/td>\n 1914\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Bezm-i Alem Gemisinde M\u00fclaz\u0131m\n Kaptan\n <\/td>\n 1914\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Esir D\u00fc\u015fmesi\n <\/td>\n 1914\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Yurda D\u00f6nmesi\n <\/td>\n 1920\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n K\u00f6pr\u00fc \u0130htiyat M\u00fclaz\u0131m Kaptan\u0131\n <\/td>\n 1920\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Haydarpa\u015fa Gemisi S\u00fcvarisi\n <\/td>\n 1922\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Ba\u011fdat Vapuru S\u00fcvarisi\n <\/td>\n 1925\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Gelibolu Gemisi S\u00fcvarisi\n <\/td>\n 1927\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n G\u00fclcemal Gemisi 2. Kaptan\u0131\n <\/td>\n 1927\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Ege Gemisi 2. Kaptan\u0131\n <\/td>\n 1930\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n G\u00fclnihal Gemisi S\u00fcvarisi\n <\/td>\n 1933\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n G\u00fclcemal Gemisi S\u00fcvarisi\n <\/td>\n 1936\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Aksu Gemisi S\u00fcvarisi\n <\/td>\n 1936\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Fabrika ve Havuzlar\n M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Enspekt\u00f6r\n <\/td>\n 1938\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Denizyollar\u0131nda \u0130htiyat Kaptan\u0131\n <\/td>\n 1939\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n G\u00fcverte Enspekt\u00f6r\u00fc\n <\/td>\n 1940\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n \u0130stanbul Liman \u0130\u015fletmesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc\n <\/td>\n 1944\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Emeklilik\n <\/td>\n 1952\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Vefat\u0131\n <\/td>\n 1965\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilmem, gen\u00e7 denizciler onun ad\u0131m hi\u00e7 duymu\u015flar m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130dare’nin bir zamanlar bir Mehmet \u0130hya Kaptan’\u0131 vard\u0131. Bilenler bilir, s\u00f6z\u00fcm gen\u00e7 denizcilere… Burada gen\u00e7lere onu tan\u0131tmak istiyorum. \u0130hya Kaptan 1895\u2019te \u0130stanbul’da do\u011fdu. T\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131m Hali\u00e7’te kaptanl\u0131k yaparak ge\u00e7iren Hasan Kaptan’\u0131n torunuydu… K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta denizcili\u011fe heveslenmesinde, evde dedesinin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 denizcilik an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 olsa gerektir. Gen\u00e7 Mehmet … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilarim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=357"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":362,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions\/362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.alibozoglu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}